longwall mining Longwall mining is an underground method of excavating coal from tabular deposits, as well as soft mineral deposits such as potash. Large rectangular blocks of coal are defined during the development stage of the mine and are then extracted in a single continuous operation.
What are the 4 types of surface mining?
There are five recognized types of surface mining, each with specific variations depending on the minerals being extracted. These include strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging and highwall mining.
What are the 5 types of surface mining?
There are 5 main types of surface mining, which are used in various degrees and for different resources. These mining categories are: strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging and high wall mining.
What is subsurface mining?
The extraction of metal ore or fossil fuel resources from beneath the surface of the ground.
What are 2 types of subsurface mining?
The three types of subsurface mining are room and pillar, longwall, and solution mining.
How are subsurface mines created?
It involves drilling a section of ore at the very bottom of the deposit and then blasting to make the roof collapse. Gravity then takes over, as the ore above the blast site fractures and collapses in succession as support is withdrawn.
Is strip mining surface or subsurface?
surface mining, method of extracting minerals near the surface of the Earth. The three most common types of surface mining are open-pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. See also mining and coal mining.
What is a longwall move?
Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically 0.6–1.0 m (2 ft 0 in–3 ft 3 in) thick). The longwall panel (the block of coal that is being mined) is typically 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) long and 250–400 m (820–1,310 ft) wide.
Why Longwall mining is not applicable in every Indian coal seam?
… The majority of longwall panels installed in the India could not achieve the desired targets due to lack of knowledge of geo-mining conditions, non-available of spared parts, dynamic loading on the powered support and under rated shield support selection.
Where is longwall mining used?
Most longwall mining occurs in the coal basins of New South Wales and Queensland.
Is subsurface mining better for the environment?
Subsurface mines produce large amounts of environmentally hazardous acid mine drainage. … The groundwater from the mines is more acidic than surface waters and disrupts ecosystems by changing the pH conditions of soil and water sources.
What is subsurface mining and what are some examples of subsurface mining?
Subsurface mining consists of digging tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried mineral deposits. This form of mining is most commonly used for zinc, lead, nickel, tin, gold, copper, diamonds, phosphate, salt, coal, and uranium.
What are minerals mined in subsurface?
Underground mining is best suited to extract minerals that are located deep under the surface of the earth. Common minerals extracted using underground mining include gold, lead and silver. It is important to remember that many minerals can be extracted using either surface or underground mining.
What is bord and pillar mining method?
Bord-and-pillar mining comprises excavating boards and leaving a grid of pillars at predetermined intervals for stability purposes. These roadways are cleaned with LHDs that transfer the broken ore onto a conveyor belt system, which transports it to the surface rock handling facilities.
Which type of mining is not a form of surface mining?
Highwall mining is another form of mining sometimes conducted to recover additional coal adjacent to a surface-mined area. The method evolved from auger mining but does not meet the definition of surface mining since it does not involve the removal of overburden to expose the coal seam.
Which is better subsurface mining or surface mining?
Surface mining is often preferred to subsurface mining by companies in the industry because it is less expensive, there are fewer complications with electricity and water, and it is safer. However, surface mining can be more environmentally-damaging than subsurface mining.
What type of mining is area strip mining?
Strip mining is a type of surface mining where the overlying vegetation, rock, and soil (overburden) is removed in order to reach the underlying coal seam, which usually lies a few feet beneath the surface.
What is surface mining equipment?
We are the world’s largest producer of electric mining shovels and a leading producer of blasthole drills, walking draglines and wheel loaders for open-pit mining operations. Our products are used in the mining and processing of coal, copper, iron ore, oil sands, gold and other minerals and ores. …
What is a highwall in mining?
Highwall is the unexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal in a surface mine. Additionally, highwall mining is another technique within mining practices sometimes conducted to recover additional coal.
Which mineral is mined at Balaghat mines?
Explanation: the answer is Manganese.
Is room and pillar mining surface or subsurface?
Cutters are then used to cut the deposits from the face of the equipment. Room and pillar mining is a common underground mining method for mining oil shale.
What is subsurface mining apes?
subsurface mining. Extraction of a metal ore or fuel resource from a deep underground deposit. surface mining. Removing soil, subsoil, and other strata and then extracting a mineral deposit found fairly close to Earth’s surface.
Is shaft mining a type of subsurface mining?
Click each image to learn about some methods of subsurface mining. Shaft mining is the deepest form of underground mining. It involves excavating a tunnel from the top to the bottom area of the mine. From this tunnel, the miners then dig long horizontal tunnels to get to the coal or other mineral ore.