As to where the equation for the critical speed comes from (if you are interested), consider the net force in circular motion. We know this is always the centripetal force, which points radially inward. The centripetal force causes centripetal acceleration and is necessary for the object to keep moving inRead More →

A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. What is the shape ofRead More →