A convex lens is also known as a converging lens. A converging lens is a lens that converges rays of light that are traveling parallel to its principal axis. They can be identified by their shape which is relatively thick across the middle and thin at the upper and lowerRead More →

A negative risk aversion coefficient (A = -4) means the investor receives a higher utility (more satisfaction) for taking more portfolio risk. A risk-averse investor would have a risk aversion coefficient greater than 0 while a risk neutral investor would have a risk aversion coefficient equal to 0. Is risk-averseRead More →

The concavity will tell you whether your estimate is an underestimate or an overestimate. You can see this if you draw any concave up curve, then draw a tangent line somewhere to this curve and see if the line is above (overestimate) or below (underestimate); a concave down curve isRead More →