Protein synthesis begins with transcription, in which the enzyme RNA polymerase makes a mRNA molecule carrying the same instructions as the DNA. … However, RNA polymerase does not bind just anywhere on the DNA. It only binds where the shape of the DNA bases closely fits the shape of aRead More →
The most commonly used DNA ligase in these applications is the ATP-dependent enzyme from bacteriophage T4, which was also one of the first to be discovered (Weiss and Richardson, 1967). What is the main function of DNA ligase in DNA replication? You should now know that DNA ligase is anRead More →
If the concentration of irreversible inhibitor is less than the concentration of enzyme, an irreversible inhibitor will not affect Km and will lower Vmax. If the concentration of irreversible inhibitor is greater than the concentration of enzyme, no catalysis will occur. What is an inhibitor and what does it do?Read More →
Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed – temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators. What are enzymes and what affects their activity? Enzymes are biological catalysts. Just like other catalysts, they reduce activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed inRead More →
3.2) Laccase (EC 1.10. 3.2) is a cuproenzyme that oxidizes various types of phenols and similar aromatic compounds aromatic amines with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water, therefore, is used as a biocatalyst. What produces laccase? Laccases are widely distributed in higher plants, bacteria, fungi, and insects. In plants,Read More →
Lipases are water-soluble enzymes that act by catalyzing the hydrolysis of lipids. Through hydrolysis, the lipase can degrade lipids into glycerol and free fatty acids. Is pancreatic lipase an extracellular enzyme? Other lipase enzymes, such as pancreatic lipases, are secreted into extracellular spaces where they serve to process dietary lipidsRead More →
Protease refers to a group of enzymes whose catalytic function is to hydrolyze peptide bonds of proteins. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases. … For example, in the small intestine, proteases digest dietary proteins to allow absorption of amino acids. How does a protease work? A protease (alsoRead More →
Phosphorylase a is phosphorylated on serine 14 of each subunit. This modification favors the structure of the more active R state. One subunit is shown in white, with helices and loops important for (more…) Is phosphorylase a hydrolase? Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphorylase a and H2O,Read More →
DNA joining enzymes (ligases) are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of phosphodiester bonds in duplex DNA, coupled to the cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). … coli enzyme, and the T4-induced ligase has been assayed by an ATP- pyrophosphate exchange reaction. What does ligase join together? InRead More →