The thylakoids themselves contain the chlorophyll, but the thylakoid membrane, which is the layer that surrounds the thylakoid, is where the light reactions take place. Embedded in the thylakoid membrane are two photosystems, named photosystem I and photosystem II. Why is chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane? Light-dependent reactions happen inRead More →

Lipid-soluble molecules can readily pass through a lipid bilayer. Examples include gas molecules such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), steroid molecules, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). What can cross the phospholipid bilayer? Only small uncharged molecules can diffuse freely through phospholipid bilayers (Figure 2.49). SmallRead More →