As it turns out, the ortho and para positions for the two groups are the same. The aldehyde group is electron-withdrawing and meta-directing. Okay, this one isn’t so clear. Both –OCH3 and –Ph are activating, ortho-/para-directing groups. Are EWG activating or deactivating? The EWG removes electron density from a πRead More →

An archetypal example of an overt Scotticism is “Och aye the noo”, which translates as “Oh yes, just now“. This phrase is often used in parody by non-Scots and although the phrases “Och aye” and “the noo” are in common use by Scots separately, they are rarely used together. WhatRead More →