From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Supra (Latin for “above”) is an academic and legal citation signal used when a writer desires to refer a reader to an earlier-cited authority.
What is an example of Supra?
Supra means above, over or greater than. An example of supra is supraorbital, which means situated above the eye’s orbit.
How do you use a Supra in legal citation?
Therefore, the most common format for a Supra short form citation consists of the author’s last name followed “supra,” offset by a comma. Immediately after “supra” is the word “note” in ordinary type, followed by the number of the footnote in which the authority was first cited in full: 15.
What is the meaning of ibid in law?
Ibid. is a Latin word, short for ibidem, which means the same place. It is the term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. … To find the ibid. source, one must look at the reference preceding it.
Should supra be in italics?
The following citation elements should be italicized: case names (including procedural phrases) … words or phrases attributing one cited authority to another source. the cross reference words: “id.,” “supra,” and “infra”
How do you use a Supra?
To use supra, the first time you cite a source in your paper, give the full citation and at the end in square brackets place the short form that you are giving to the source; it can either be a short form of the case name or a short form of an article using the author’s last name.
How do you use Supra?
Supra: Latin word meaning “above.” Use supra when referring to a source for which you have already provided a full citation (but not the immediately preceding citation).
How do you use Supra in a sentence?
Nick Hogan was driving his Toyota Supra in a race with another car driven by Daniel Jacobs when the accident occurred. Not sure about that one, given that Nick turned his modified Toyota Supra in to literally, a mangled mess of metal.
What does impugn mean in law?
Impugn means to throw doubt or question the truth or validity or something or someone’s character or opinion.
How do you use hereinafter in a legal document?
When a lawyer or someone uses hereinafter, he or she only refers to the document it’s written in. Hereinafter does not mean ‘from this point in time’ but ‘from this point in the document’. This is an important legal difference.
How many times can you use ID in a row?
The rule against using “id.” more than 5 consecutive times is usually found in a journal’s style guide; it’s not a BB rule. Rule 10.9 is about citing cases–not using id. (which is found in rule 4.1).
What is the difference between Super and Supra?
There is one difference in general tone (thanks TKR!): supra is only “over, above (and not touching)” while super can also be “on top of, resting on”. That is, super has a broader meaning, allowing direct contact.
What is the meaning of plus Supra?
a prefix meaning “above, over” (supraorbital) or “beyond the limits of, outside of” (supramolecular; suprasegmental). Compare super-.
What does supra historical mean?
: taking place or having significance outside the historical process we are now told that the fall of man is superhistorical— A. C. Knudson.
What is the opposite of Supra?
infra. prep. Latin for “below,” this is legal shorthand to indicate that the details or citation of a case will come later on in the brief. Infra is distinguished from supra, which shows that a case has already been cited “above.” The typical language is Jones v.
How do you use ibid and Supra?
Ibid is used when referring to the same source in the footnote immediately above. Ibid may be used after another ibid or after a supra. Supra is used when referring to the same source in a footnote that is not immediately above.
What does supra mean Bluebook?
5. Supra refers to material that has already appeared in the document and it has its own rule at 4.2(a). Infra refers to material that appears later in the document, but never for books (see R15. 10). Id.
What is Supra SAE India?
About SUPRA SAEINDIA:
SUPRA is the national level engineering student competition where teams from various engineering colleges participate. … The student not only design the vehicle but also built them as per the given set of rules (Rule Book) and design standard of SAE international.
What does on supra mean in real estate?
The Call-Before-Showing (CBS) code allows the listing agent to control lockbox access by requiring the inspectors/pest control/termite inspectors to call for authorization before opening the lockbox.
Can ID follow Supra?
After providing a full citation of a periodical, you may use “id.” or “supra” in subsequent citations. Use “id.” to refer to periodical material cited in the immediately preceding citation. Otherwise, use the “supra” form (Rule 16.9).
What is a Pincite?
A pinpoint citation, often called a pincite, is necessary to point the reader to specific the page(s) within the case. Pincites are placed after the page on which the case begins, separated by a comma and a space. A pincite may consist of a page range or multiple pages that are not consecutive.
How do you block quote in legal writing?
Block quotations start on their own line. The entire block quotation is indented 0.5 inches, the same as the indentation for a new paragraph, and is double spaced. Block quotations are not surrounded by any quotation marks. The punctuation at the end of the block quotation goes before the citation.
What is the meaning of et al?
One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning “and others.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.